The only ways to become a U.S. citizen are birthright citizenship or naturalization after residing in the United States. No individual—whether a member of Congress, a high‑ranking official, or any other person of power—can unilaterally grant citizenship.
Standard pathways
- Birthright citizenship – automatically granted to anyone born on U.S. soil (subject to limited exceptions).
- Naturalization – requires lawful permanent residence, continuous physical presence, good moral character, and fulfillment of other statutory criteria (e.g., English and civics tests).
Honorary citizenship
- Exists as a symbolic honor, not a legal status.
- Has been awarded to only two living individuals in U.S. history.
- Requires an act of Congress and the President’s signature; it is not a “low‑bar” or discretionary power.
- Confers no passport, travel rights, or legal benefits; it is purely ceremonial.
Failed attempts at special legislation
- A private bill was introduced years ago to grant citizenship to Elian González; the effort did not succeed.
- No precedent exists for a private or special bill that provides citizenship to an average applicant.
Bottom line
For the average person, U.S. citizenship can only be obtained through the established birthright or naturalization processes. Honorary citizenship is rare, symbolic, and does not provide any practical privileges.
