A growing number of investors are looking for “second‑city” solutions that combine a stable residence permit or passport with low tax exposure and the ability to work remotely. Below is a concise overview of the most‑promoted programs across the five continents, focusing on the concrete requirements, costs, timelines and the mobility they provide.
Africa – Mauritius (referred to as “Maitius”)
Residency options
| Target group | Main requirement | Cost / Deposit | Tax treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Applicants < 50 y | Form a local company (global business corporation). | Company set‑up fee ≈ 0‑3 % of capital. | Corporate tax 0‑3 %; dividends taxed 0 % if drawn as salary. |
| Applicants ≥ 50 y | Open a personal bank account and maintain a yearly balance. | US $24,000 (held for the year). | No personal income tax on foreign earnings. |
- The residency card is issued for 10 years and can be renewed indefinitely.
- Most paperwork can be handled remotely; a local team assists with company formation, bank account opening and medical clearance.
Latin America – Uruguay (referred to as “Oroku/Urkquai”)
Key features
- Direct permanent residency with a pathway to citizenship in as little as 3 years.
- Full citizenship (passport) can be obtained in 6‑12 months after applying.
- The program is marketed as a “hidden gem” with strong visa‑free access (often compared to Switzerland in the region).
Note: The transcript also mentions Panama, where the required bank‑deposit for residency has risen from US $5,000 to US $300,000.
Europe – Portugal Golden Visa
Investment routes
-
Mutual‑fund route – €500,000 placed in an approved fund.
- Funds are guaranteed after 5 years; the principal plus returns are returned when the residency is converted to citizenship.
-
Hospitality‑fund route – €325,000 into a qualifying hotel project, with the developer contributing an additional €175,000 to meet the €500,000 threshold.
- After 5 years the investor receives back the €325,000 plus an additional €50,000 (total €375,000).
- Minimum physical presence: 7 days per year (paper residency).
- After five years of holding the residency, applicants can apply for Portuguese citizenship and obtain an EU passport, granting freedom of movement across 28 European countries.
Asia – Malaysia MM2 Programme
Requirements
MYR 150,000 (≈ US $150,000). Bank‑deposit component:
Property component: MYR 150,000 (≈ US $150,000) in approved real‑estate.
The MM2 scheme is a “semi‑paper” residency: a short on‑site stay (a few months) is required, after which the permit can be renewed.
The investment can be split among family members, allowing multiple relatives to obtain residency simultaneously.
Oceania – Vanuatu
Direct passport / remote residency
Bottom line: For investors seeking a blend of mobility, tax efficiency and flexible residency, the highlighted programs provide distinct pathways. The choice hinges on the applicant’s age, willingness to invest in a business versus a bank deposit, desired speed to citizenship, and tolerance for on‑ground requirements.
Comparative snapshot
Continent
Country
Residency type
Main cost
Time to passport
Visa‑free access
Africa
Mauritius
10‑yr residency (company or bank‑deposit)
US $24k (deposit) / 0‑3 % company fee
3‑5 years (citizenship)
Broad, includes EU Schengen
Latin America
Uruguay
Direct residency → citizenship
Not specified
6‑12 months (passport)
Strong regional access
Europe
Portugal
Golden Visa (investment)
€500k (fund) or €325k (hospitality)
5 years (citizenship)
Full EU mobility
Asia
Malaysia
MM2 (bank + property)
US $150k + US $150k
5‑7 years (citizenship)
ASEAN & many visa‑free countries
Oceania
Vanuatu
CBI passport / remote residency
US $115k
5‑10 days (passport)
Oceania, Australia, NZ
Practical considerations





